Robert Schafer

Systems Thinking: Explaining Security Force Assistance in Complex Adaptive Systems

Editor’s Note: this article is being republished with the permission of Small Wars Journal as part of a republishing arrangement between IWI and SWJ. The original article was published on 10.20.2025 and is available here. Abstract This article explores how concepts central to systems thinking better explain

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Bridging the gap between irregular warfare scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.

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