1 posts

S. M. Burge

The Colombia Case Study: Legitimacy, Naming, and Irregular Warfare

“Conflict does not end… it reclassifies.” Abstract Information and influence operations are often described as modern capabilities shaped by post‑9/11 irregular warfare doctrine. In practice, they represent a longstanding function of statecraft that predates current terminology and frequently persists long after formal conflict ends. This article uses Colombia

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