Hostile Influencing and Finland’s Vulnerabilities
In 2024, Finland experienced a sharp increase in GPS disturbances. Affected flights forced airports to switch to other navigation systems, preventing some flights from landing. Over 2,800 incidents reportedly affected flights that year compared to just 200 the year prior. The sudden increase raised suspicions of deliberate interference by
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Bridging the gap between irregular warfare scholars, practitioners, and policymakers.
